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| logic:inferences:modus_barbara:modus_barbari [25.05.22, 21:59:19] – ↷ Links adapted because of a move operation admin | logic:inferences:modus_barbara:modus_barbari [27.05.22, 00:21:30] – ↷ Links adapted because of a move operation 185.185.217.76 |
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| <tr><td><span title="Therefore">∴</span> Some <em>squares</em> are <em>polygons</em>.</td></tr></tbody></table></html> | <tr><td><span title="Therefore">∴</span> Some <em>squares</em> are <em>polygons</em>.</td></tr></tbody></table></html> |
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| <html><p class="info-box"></html>* **Note:** When an //existential// conclusion is inferred from //universal// premisses, this requires an (implicit or explicit) [[logic:glossary:existential_import|existential import]], i.e. it must be proven that what the term refers to actually //exists//. In case of the //Modus Barbari// it is sufficient to prove the existence of the //minor term// (<html><abbr title="minor term">S</abbr></html>), as this also implies the existence of <html><abbr title="middle term">M</abbr> and <abbr title="major term">P</abbr>.</p></html> | <html><p class="info-box"></html>* **Note:** When an //existential// conclusion is inferred from //universal// premisses, this requires an (implicit or explicit) [[glossary:existential_import|existential import]], i.e. it must be proven that what the term refers to actually //exists//. In case of the //Modus Barbari// it is sufficient to prove the existence of the //minor term// (<html><abbr title="minor term">S</abbr></html>), as this also implies the existence of <html><abbr title="middle term">M</abbr> and <abbr title="major term">P</abbr>.</p></html> |
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| The //Modus Bamalip// is a weaker form of the [[logic:inferences:modus_barbara:index|Modus Barbara]], in which the conclusion is an [[logic:glossary:existential_quantification|existential]] rather than a universal statement. Since every universal quantification that does not refer to an //empty extension set// always implies an //existential quantification//, this variation is possible, but this is of course also a weaker statement than the universal conclusion of the //Modus Barbara//. | The //Modus Bamalip// is a weaker form of the [[logic:inferences:modus_barbara:index|Modus Barbara]], in which the conclusion is an [[glossary:existential_quantification|existential]] rather than a universal statement. Since every universal quantification that does not refer to an //empty extension set// always implies an //existential quantification//, this variation is possible, but this is of course also a weaker statement than the universal conclusion of the //Modus Barbara//. |
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| Moreover, this form resembles the [[logic:inferences:modus_barbara:modus_bamalip|Modus Bamalip]], except that //middle term// (<html><abbr title="middle term">M</abbr></html>) appears in the other positions in the premises. | Moreover, this form resembles the [[logic:inferences:modus_barbara:modus_bamalip|Modus Bamalip]], except that //middle term// (<html><abbr title="middle term">M</abbr></html>) appears in the other positions in the premises. |
| ===== Name ===== | ===== Name ===== |
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| The name "Barbari " is a [[wp>Mnemonic|mnemonic]] term that helps to remember the most important characteristics of this mode: The "B" at the beginning indicates that it is related to the [[logic:inferences:modus_barbara:index|Modus Barbara]], the two "a" for the affirmative [[glossary:universal_quantification|universal]] statements in the premisses and the "i" for the affirmative [[logic:glossary:existential_quantification|existential]] conclusion. | The name "Barbari " is a [[wp>Mnemonic|mnemonic]] term that helps to remember the most important characteristics of this mode: The "B" at the beginning indicates that it is related to the [[logic:inferences:modus_barbara:index|Modus Barbara]], the two "a" for the affirmative [[glossary:universal_quantification|universal]] statements in the premisses and the "i" for the affirmative [[glossary:existential_quantification|existential]] conclusion. |
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| ===== See also ===== | ===== See also ===== |
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| * [[logic:glossary:existential_import|Existential import]] | * [[glossary:existential_import|Existential import]] |
| * [[logic:glossary:existential_quantification|Existential quantification]] | * [[glossary:existential_quantification|Existential quantification]] |
| * [[logic:inferences:modus_barbara:index|Modus Barbara]] | * [[logic:inferences:modus_barbara:index|Modus Barbara]] |
| * [[logic:inferences:modus_barbara:modus_bamalip|Modus Bamalip]] | * [[logic:inferences:modus_barbara:modus_bamalip|Modus Bamalip]] |
