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relevance:authority:false_authority:index [22.08.26, 08:09:47] – ↷ Page moved from relevancy:authority:false_authority:index to relevance:authority:false_authority:index sascharelevance:authority:false_authority:index [22.08.26, 08:09:50] (current) – ↷ Links adapted because of a move operation sascha
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 ====== (Appeal to a) false authority ====== ====== (Appeal to a) false authority ======
  
-Aggravated form of an [[relevancy:authority:index|appeal to authority]]-argument where the authority is flawed in some way or the reference to it is not valid.+Aggravated form of an [[relevance:authority:index|appeal to authority]]-argument where the authority is flawed in some way or the reference to it is not valid.
  
 > <s invalid>The Earth is flat, because that is what the Bible says.</s> > <s invalid>The Earth is flat, because that is what the Bible says.</s>
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 ===== Description ===== ===== Description =====
  
-As already described in the article on [[relevancy:authority:index|appeal to authority]], a reference to an authority is usually problematic, since also authorities they can be wrong. However, numerous exceptions are listed there under which they may be valid and useful.+As already described in the article on [[relevance:authority:index|appeal to authority]], a reference to an authority is usually problematic, since also authorities they can be wrong. However, numerous exceptions are listed there under which they may be valid and useful.
  
 This article, however, is concerned with forms of the authority argument that are invalid //in any case// because necessary conditions have been disregarded. This article, however, is concerned with forms of the authority argument that are invalid //in any case// because necessary conditions have been disregarded.
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 ==== Scientific studies ==== ==== Scientific studies ====
  
-At first glance, it may seem counterintuitive to use “scientific studies” as a negative example here, as these are considered to be prime examples of trustworthy evidence for a position. The assumption is that such studies have been produced in accordance with the rules of good scientific practice and have been [[wp>Peer review|peer-reviewed]] by independent experts prior to publication. In short, science is an [[relevancy:authority:index|authority]]. It can be trusted almost blindly. +At first glance, it may seem counterintuitive to use “scientific studies” as a negative example here, as these are considered to be prime examples of trustworthy evidence for a position. The assumption is that such studies have been produced in accordance with the rules of good scientific practice and have been [[wp>Peer review|peer-reviewed]] by independent experts prior to publication. In short, science is an [[relevance:authority:index|authority]]. It can be trusted almost blindly. 
  
 In reality, it is not quite as simple: oftentimes these studies were based on very specific framework conditions, so that the findings can not simply be transfered to other, even similar, situations; or they have long since been refuted by other studies (science is constantly evolving!); or they actually deal with a completely different topic, which only seems relevant in the respective context at first glance, etc. In reality, it is not quite as simple: oftentimes these studies were based on very specific framework conditions, so that the findings can not simply be transfered to other, even similar, situations; or they have long since been refuted by other studies (science is constantly evolving!); or they actually deal with a completely different topic, which only seems relevant in the respective context at first glance, etc.
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 Especially on the social media, all kinds of "quotes" are circulating, which are attributed to (mostly long-dead) celebrities – such as the above-mentioned alleged Einstein quote. These are brought out again and again, in order to support a position whichever way. The fewest of them stand up to a closer inspection. So also the following one: Especially on the social media, all kinds of "quotes" are circulating, which are attributed to (mostly long-dead) celebrities – such as the above-mentioned alleged Einstein quote. These are brought out again and again, in order to support a position whichever way. The fewest of them stand up to a closer inspection. So also the following one:
  
-{{ relevancy:authority:einstein_quote.png?nolink&600 |“Most of the quotes attributed to me that you find on the Internet are actually fake!” – Albert Einstein}}+{{ relevance:authority:einstein_quote.png?nolink&600 |“Most of the quotes attributed to me that you find on the Internet are actually fake!” – Albert Einstein}}
  
 <aside important print-wide> <aside important print-wide>
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 ===== See also ===== ===== See also =====
  
-  * [[relevancy:authority:index|Appeal to authority]]+  * [[relevance:authority:index|Appeal to authority]]
  
 ===== More information ===== ===== More information =====
  
   * [[https://www.logicallyfallacious.com/tools/lp/Bo/LogicalFallacies/231/Argument-from-False-Authority|Argument from False Authority]] on //Logically Fallacious//   * [[https://www.logicallyfallacious.com/tools/lp/Bo/LogicalFallacies/231/Argument-from-False-Authority|Argument from False Authority]] on //Logically Fallacious//

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