====== Modus Cesare ======

Form of a [[glossary:syllogism|syllogism]] based on the [[logic:inferences:modus_celarent:index|Modus Celarent]], in which a negative [[glossary:universal_quantification|universal]] proposition is inferred from  positive and negative universal premisses.

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<h3>Modus Cesare</h3>{{modus_cesare.svg?nolink|Modus Cesare}}<figcaption>Type ''EAE'', Figure ''2''<span noprint> [[app>#EA2E|Modus Cesare]]</span> \\ Parent: [[logic:inferences:modus_celarent:index|Celarent]]</figcaption>
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> No <abbr "major term">P</abbr> is <abbr "middle term">M</abbr>.
> All <abbr "minor term">S</abbr> are <abbr "middle term">M</abbr>.
> <span conclusio>Therefore, no <abbr "minor term">S</abbr> is <abbr "major term">P</abbr>.</span>

For example:

> No <i>circle</i> is a <i>rectangle</i>.
> All <i>squares</i> are <i>rectangles</i>.
> <span conclusio>Therefore, no <i>square</i> is a <i>circle</i>.</span>

//Modus Cesare// is the stronger form of the [[logic:inferences:modus_celarent:modus_cesaro|Modus Cesaro]], which only infers an existential conclusion. 

===== Name =====

The name "Cesare" is a [[wp>Mnemonic|mnemonic]] term that helps to remember the most important characteristics of this mode: The "C" at the beginning indicates that it is related to the [[logic:inferences:modus_celarent:index|Modus Celarent]], the "e" and "a" indicate the negative and affirmative [[glossary:universal_quantification|universal]] statements in the premisses and the negative //universal// conclusion.

===== See also =====

  * [[logic:inferences:modus_celarent:index|Modus Celarent]]
  * [[glossary:syllogism|Syllogism]]
  * [[glossary:universal_quantification|Universal Quantification]]

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