====== Modus Calemes ======

Form of a [[glossary:syllogism|syllogism]] based on the [[logic:inferences:modus_celarent:index|Modus Celarent]], in which a negative [[glossary:universal_quantification|universal]] proposition is inferred from an affirmative and a negative //universal// proposition.

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<h3>Modus Calemes</h3>
{{modus_calemes.svg?nolink|Modus Calemes}}
<figcaption>Type ''AEE'', Figure ''4''<span noprint> [[app>#AE4E|Modus Calemes]]</span> \\ Parent: [[logic:inferences:modus_celarent:index|Celarent]]</figcaption>
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> All <abbr "major term">P</abbr> are <abbr "middle term">M</abbr>.
> No <abbr "middle term">M</abbr> is <abbr "minor term">S</abbr>.
> <span conclusio>Therefore, no <abbr "minor term">S</abbr> is <abbr "major term">P</abbr>.</span>

For example:

> All <var>squares</var> are <var>rectangles</var>.
> No <var>rectangle</var> is a <var>circle</var>.
> <span conclusio>Therefore, no <var>square</var> is a <var>circle</var>.</span>

//Modus Calemes// is identical to the [[logic:inferences:modus_celarent:index|Modus Celarent]], except that the premisses have been swapped.

===== Name =====

The name "Calemes" is a [[wp>Mnemonic|mnemonic]] term that helps to remember the most important characteristics of this mode: The "C" at the beginning indicates that it is related to the [[logic:inferences:modus_celarent:index|Modus Celarent]], the "a" indicates an affirmative, the two "e" negative [[glossary:universal_quantification|universal]] statements.

==== Alternative Names ====

  * Modus Camenes

===== See also =====

  * [[logic:inferences:modus_celarent:index|Modus Celarent]]
  * [[glossary:syllogism|Syllogism]]
  * [[glossary:universal_quantification|Universal Quantification]]

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