====== Modus Baroco ======

Form of a [[glossary:syllogism|syllogism]] based on the [[logic:inferences:modus_barbara:index|Modus Barbara]], in which a negative [[glossary:existential_quantification|existential]] proposition is inferred from an affirmative [[glossary:universal_quantification|universal]] and a negative //existential// proposition.

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<h3>Modus Baroco</h3>
{{modus_baroco.svg?nolink|Modus Baroco}}
<figcaption>Type ''AOO'', Figure ''2''<span noprint> [[app>#AO2O|Modus Baroco]]</span> \\ Parent: [[logic:inferences:modus_barbara:index|Barbara]]</figcaption>
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> All <abbr "major term">P</abbr> are <abbr "middle term">M</abbr>.
> Some <abbr "minor term">S</abbr> are not <abbr "middle term">M</abbr>.
> <span conclusio>Therefore, some <abbr "minor term">S</abbr> are not <abbr "major term">P</abbr>.</span>

For example:

> All <var>squares</var> are <var>rectangles</var>.
> Some <var>polygons</var> are not <var>rectangles</var>.
> <span conclusio>Therefore, some <var>polygons</var> are not <var>squares</var>.</span>

The //Modus Baroco// and the [[logic:inferences:modus_barbara:modus_bocardo|Modus Bocardo]] are the only two modes that require an indirect proof of validity in order to be reducible to their general form (the [[logic:inferences:modus_barbara:index|Modus Barbara]]). In fact, these two modes are practically identical, the only difference is that the premises are in reverse order.

===== Name =====

The name "Baroco" is a [[wp>Mnemonic|mnemonic]] term that helps to remember the most important characteristics of this mode: The "B" at the beginning indicates that it is related to the [[logic:inferences:modus_barbara:index|Modus Barbara]], the "a" for an affirmative [[glossary:universal_quantification|universal]] and the two "o" for negative [[glossary:existential_quantification|existential]] statements. The "c" in the name indicates that the transformation to the basic form can only happen with a further proof of validity.

===== See also =====

  * [[logic:inferences:modus_barbara:index|Modus Barbara]]
  * [[glossary:syllogism|Syllogism]]

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